- Examination of fingerprint expert
- ridges
- tips of the finger
- exudes certain oils and acids
- unique
- theoretically
- aging
- enviromental influences
- latent fingerprint
- invisible or unseen
- perspiration through the sweat pores
- tar
- wax
- powder
- feather
- dust
- clear plastic tape
- card of contrasting colors
- compare
- known prints
- patterns
- arches
- loops
- whorls
- plain arch
- double loop
domingo, 22 de septiembre de 2013
EXAMINATION OF FINGERPRINT EXPERT
LEVANTAMIENTO DE HUELLAS DACTILARES
- se toma con mucho cuidado
- huellas dactilares
- es recomendable realizar esta operación usando guantes
- se procede con el análisis comparativo de impresiones dactilares de la siguiente manera
- la impresión dactilar indubitada
- conforme a lo establecido en los puntos anteriores
- homólogos
MOTION TO SUPPRESS
- Motion to Suppress
- Points and Authorities
- If the Court please
- the Defense would like to be heard on a 1538.5 motion
- People vs Hargrave
- Cal App 3d vol. 212 page 1398
- to the effect that
- bindle
- in question
- it is our contention that
- the alleged controlled substance
- seized
- due process
- tapped
- startled out of a deep sleep
- without the proper advice of rights or waiver of rights
- the case that’s very much close to this
- produce I.D.
- amount to
- catches his interest
- appearance
- tattoos
- he has a question in his mind as to whether
- on parole
- status
- jumping in there
- searching through the wallet
- this is typefied as a consensual encounter under the analysis
EXPERT WITNESS TESTIMONY
- expert witness
- Intoxilyzer
- brand name
- gas chromatograph intoximeter
- breath-testing machine
- blood alcohol level
- breath sample
- infrared absorption
- print-out
- print card
- printed result
- digital display
- accurately
- get the ideal air blown into the instrument
- deep lung air
- shallow breath
- upper respiratory or upper middle lung air
- reading
- conversely
- drink
- consumption
- it has been known to go as long as
- depend on
- one relatively brief sitting
- body metabolism
- drinking history
- central nervous system
THE RIGHT TO COMPETENT COUNSEL
Adequate Representation: Your Right to a Competent Lawyer
As a citizen of the United States, each person is entitled to adequate representation under
the Constitution of the United States. This means that citizens have the right to a competent
lawyer. Adequate representation not only covers the right to have an attorney present at a
trial in a court of law but also that the lawyer is competent in arguing cases in a court of
law. If a defendant is found to have had an incompetent lawyer during trial and the verdict
of the trial is ‘guilty’ then the ‘guilty’ verdict can be thrown out because of the incompetent
lawyer. To prove that the incompetence of a lawyer hurt the trial so much that it cannot go
on two things must be proven:
The defendant must be able to show that the lawyer did not do an effective enough job and
his or her performance was deficient. The defendant must also prove that his or her legal
counsel made errors so serious that the counsel did not perform as they had promised.
The defendant must also prove that the legal counsel of the defendant was so erroneous that
it caused unfair prejudice of the defense, making the trial unfair at the same time.
The Public Defender
If a defendant in a court case cannot financially provide themselves with their own legal
counsel then the state or jurisdiction that they have been arrested within will provide them
with an attorney. It is mentioned in the Miranda Rights that are read to a suspect when he or
she is arrested.
Representation for a defendant will be provided for a financially eligible defendant
when the defendant is:
• Charged with a felony or a Class A misdemeanor
• Is a juvenile alleged to have committed an act of juvenile delinquency
• Is charged with a violation of probation
• Is under arrest, when such representation is required by law
• Is charged with a violation of supervised release or faces modification, reduction, or
enlargement of a condition, or extension or revocation of a term of supervised release
• Is subject to a mental condition hearing
As a citizen of the United States, each person is entitled to adequate representation under
the Constitution of the United States. This means that citizens have the right to a competent
lawyer. Adequate representation not only covers the right to have an attorney present at a
trial in a court of law but also that the lawyer is competent in arguing cases in a court of
law. If a defendant is found to have had an incompetent lawyer during trial and the verdict
of the trial is ‘guilty’ then the ‘guilty’ verdict can be thrown out because of the incompetent
lawyer. To prove that the incompetence of a lawyer hurt the trial so much that it cannot go
on two things must be proven:
The defendant must be able to show that the lawyer did not do an effective enough job and
his or her performance was deficient. The defendant must also prove that his or her legal
counsel made errors so serious that the counsel did not perform as they had promised.
The defendant must also prove that the legal counsel of the defendant was so erroneous that
it caused unfair prejudice of the defense, making the trial unfair at the same time.
The Public Defender
If a defendant in a court case cannot financially provide themselves with their own legal
counsel then the state or jurisdiction that they have been arrested within will provide them
with an attorney. It is mentioned in the Miranda Rights that are read to a suspect when he or
she is arrested.
Representation for a defendant will be provided for a financially eligible defendant
when the defendant is:
• Charged with a felony or a Class A misdemeanor
• Is a juvenile alleged to have committed an act of juvenile delinquency
• Is charged with a violation of probation
• Is under arrest, when such representation is required by law
• Is charged with a violation of supervised release or faces modification, reduction, or
enlargement of a condition, or extension or revocation of a term of supervised release
• Is subject to a mental condition hearing
On Hiring A Private Attorney
For those
Defendants seeking legal assistance in these tough times some observations on
hiring your own paid attorney.
Income Requirements
First of all you
must meet the income requirements to qualify for a public defender. Some
states are more lenient than others, but if you must lie about your income or
lack of it to get a free attorney, you are already starting off on the wrong
foot.
Experience and Accountability
More importantly,
it might be worth it to you to scrounge up the money any way you can to hire a
good private attorney. The experience and accountability that you
get for your money can play a huge part in the eventual outcome of your case.
When you are faced
with a criminal charge you need an aggressive, hard-charging lawyer who is
willing to put himself on the line for you and can really focus on
your case.
Money is something
a lot of people don't have these days and especially criminal defendants.
And while it may seem like paying money, (in some cases a lot of money)
for a private attorney is an extravagance it is an extremely important
life-changing decision.
When you are in the
slammer, sitting there with a conviction, you may well wish you had
spent the extra money to hire private counsel. Yeah, it's not like buying
a car, or a big screen TV or a house where you have something tangible to
show for your money.
But how tangible is
your freedom?
lunes, 19 de agosto de 2013
Leyes
Sistema de estructura social que
determina los límites de interacción entre los humanos. Este también regula las
agrupaciones e instituciones de todo ámbito, económico, como social. Utiliza
castigos para las infracciones de artículos estipulados, pero todo dependerá de
la región y país que lo aplique.
¿Existe una división de la misma? ¿Cuál o cuáles son éstas? ¿Existe
alguna división de la misma?
Podemos dividir la ley en material y
formal, dependiendo de cuál es el contenido de ésta o de su origen. Cuando es
material se refiere a toda norma general y obligatoria, generada por una
autoridad. En cambio, cuando es formal se refiere a toda norma generada desde
un congreso conforme al mecanismo constitucional determinado.
Además, podemos hacer una
clasificación según su flexibilidad, donde se determinan algunas más rígidas
que otras. Cuando la ley es rígida, la norma es taxativa y no de deja margen
para apreciar circunstancias del caso no graduar sus consecuencias. En cambio,
al ser flexibles resultan más o menos indeterminado los requisitos o efectos
del caso regulado, dejando un margen para apreciar las circunstancias.
Otro modo de clasificación puede ser:
- Internacionales, nacionales,
provinciales, locales.
- Permisivas o
Prohibitivas.
- Declarativas,
Imperativas o Supletorias.
Dentro de los tipos
de leyes existen:
- Leyes fundamentales:
Establecen principios para un país (constitución)
- Leyes orgánicas:
Nacen como consecuencia de un mandato constitucional para una materia
específica.
- Leyes ordinarias:
Leyes de presupuestos.
¿Qué entidad se encarga de impartirla?
Es emitida o dictada por el
legislador, es decir, un precepto establecido por la autoridad competente, en
que se manda o prohíbe algo en consonancia con la justicia.
¿Cómo es esta división?
En los Estados Unidos, el Derecho se deriva de cuatro
fuentes: la Constitución, las leyes, los reglamentos, y el Common Law (en el
cual también se incluye la jurisprudencia o case law). La fuente más importante
es la Constitución de los Estados Unidos, quedando todas las demás fuentes
subordinadas a esa norma. Ninguna ley o reglamento puede contradecir lo
dispuesto por la Constitución de los Estados Unidos y, por ejemplo, si el
Congreso ratificase una ley cuyo contenido estuviese reñido con la
Constitución, la Corte Suprema puede establecer que dicha ley es
inconstitucional y declararla nula.
Sin embargo, una ley no desaparece automáticamente por el
simple hecho de haber sido declarado inconstitucional, sino que debe ser derogado
por una ley posterior. Muchas leyes federales y estatales han permanecido
oficialmente vigentes durante décadas después de haber sido dictaminadas como
inconstitucionales. Sin embargo, y por el principio de stare decisis, ningún
tribunal aplica una ley inconstitucional, y la decisión de cualquier corte que
lo hiciese sería revertida por la Corte Suprema. Igualmente, un tribunal que se
niegue a aplicar una norma considerada anteriormente como constitucional, por
considerarla contraria a la carta magna, se estaría enfrentando a una posible
reversión de su sentencia por la Corte Suprema.
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